Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of a Re-Entry Spacecraft via Radau Pseudospectral Method

The design and optimization of re-entry spacecraft or its subsystems is a multidisciplinary multiobjective problem by nature. Multidisciplinary (MDO) focuses on using numerical in designing systems with several disciplines that have interactions independent actions. In the present paper, system-level optimizer, trajectory, geometry shape, aerodynamics, aerothermodynamics differential equations, are converted to algebraic equations Radau pseudospectral method (RPM) since nonlinear, extensive, sparse system. solution help MDO reached iterating all together; one can simultaneously enhance design, decrease time cost entire cycle, minimize structural mass spacecraft. Considering various methods presented earlier research works, combined innovative all-at-once (AAO), RPM-based method, including key process capsule-shape low lift-to-drag ratio (L/D), presented. applicable state control variables, constraints, parameters applied geometric shapes blunt capsule Apollo’s aerodynamic aerothermodynamic coefficients, optimized dimensions for introduced scheme led 17% reduction compared original Apollo vehicle. Fast computing simplified models used together this analyze wide range vehicle entry types during conceptual design.